roman à clef

[raw-mah na kle] /rɔ mɑ na ˈklɛ/
plural romans à clef
[raw-mahn za kle] /rɔ mɑ̃ za ˈklɛ/ (Show IPA).
French.
1.
a novel that represents historical events and characters under the guise of fiction.
British Dictionary definitions for roman à clef

roman à clef

/rɔmɑ̃ a kle/
noun (pl) romans à clef (rɔmɑ̃ a kle)
1.
a novel in which real people are depicted under fictitious names
Word Origin
literally: novel with a key
roman à clef in Culture
roman à clef [(roh-mahn ah klay)]

A novel in which actual people and places are disguised as fictional characters. Roman à clef is French for “novel with a key.”